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| death_place = Marburg | titles = Theologian | notableworks = | tradition_movement = Dialectical Theology }} Rudolf Karl Bultmann (; 20 August 1884 – 30 July 1976) was a German Lutheran theologian and professor of New Testament at the University of Marburg. He was one of the major figures of early 20th century biblical studies and a prominent voice in liberal Christianity. Bultmann is known for his belief that the historical analysis of the New Testament is both futile and unnecessary, given that the earliest Christian literature showed little interest in specific locations.〔Edwin Broadhead "Implicit Christology and the Historical Jesus" in the ''Handbook for the Study of the Historical Jesus'' edited by Tom Holmen and Stanley E. Porter (Jan 12, 2011) ISBN 9004163727 pages 1170-1172〕 Bultmann argued that all that matters is the "thatness", not the "whatness" of Jesus, i.e. only ''that'' Jesus existed, preached and died by crucifixion matters, not what happened throughout his life.〔〔〔''Jesus in Contemporary Scholarship'' by Marcus J. Borg (Aug 1, 1994) ISBN 1563380943 page 187〕 Bultmann's approach relied on his concept of demythology, and interpreted the mythological elements in the New Testament existentially. Bultmann contended that only faith in the kerygma, or proclamation, of the New Testament was necessary for Christian faith, not any particular facts regarding the historical Jesus.〔Cross, F. L., ed. The Oxford dictionary of the Christian church. New York: Oxford University Press. 2005, article ''Bultmann, Rudolf''〕 ==Background== Bultmann was born in Wiefelstede, Oldenburg, the son of Arthur Kennedy Bultmann, a Lutheran minister. He did his ''Abitur'' at the ''Altes Gymnasium'' in Oldenburg, and studied theology at Tübingen. After three terms, Bultmann went to the University of Berlin for two terms, and finally to Marburg for two more terms. He received his degree in 1910 from Marburg with a dissertation on the Epistles of St Paul. After submitting a Habilitation two years later, he became a lecturer on the New Testament at Marburg. Bultmann married Helene Feldmann in 1917. The couple had three daughters.〔 〕 After brief lectureships at Breslau and Giessen, Bultmann returned to Marburg in 1921 as a full professor, and stayed there until his retirement in 1951. From autumn 1944 until the end of World War II in 1945 he took into his family Uta Ranke-Heinemann, who had fled the bombs and destruction in Essen. Bultmann was a student of Hermann Gunkel, Johannes Weiss, and Wilhelm Heitmüller.〔 His students included Hans Jonas, Ernst Käsemann, Günther Bornkamm, Hannah Arendt and Helmut Koester. He was a member of the Confessing Church〔 〕 and critical towards National Socialism. He spoke out against the mistreatment of Jews, against nationalistic excesses and against the dismissal of non-Aryan Christian ministers. He did not, however, speak out against "the antiSemitic() laws which had already been promulgated" and he was philosophically limited in his ability to "repudiate, in a comprehensive manner, the central tenets of Nazi racism and antiSemitism()."〔 〕 Bultmann became friends with Martin Heidegger who taught at Marburg for five years, and Heidegger's views on existentialism had an influence on Bultmann's thinking.〔Theology As History and Hermeneutics by Laurence W. Wood (Mar 20, 2005) ISBN 0975543555 page 113〕 However, Bultmann himself stated that his views could not simply be reduced to thinking in Heideggerian categories, in that "the New Testament is not a doctrine about our nature, about our authentic existence as human beings, but a proclamation of this liberating act of God."〔''Bultmann Unlocked'' by Tim Labron (Jan 13, 2011) ISBN 0567031535 pages 43-44〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Rudolf Bultmann」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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